2. Where personal data are processed for scientific or historical research purposes or for statistical purposes, Union law or the law of a Member State may provide for exceptions to the rights referred to in Article
15,
16,
18, and
21, subject to the conditions and safeguards referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, if those rights are likely to render impossible or seriously impair the achievement of those specific purposes, and if such exceptions are necessary for the achievement of those purposes.