(156) The processing of personal data for archival purposes in the public interest, for scientific or historical research, or for statistical purposes should be subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject in accordance with this Regulation. These safeguards should consist of the implementation of technical and organizational measures ensuring, in particular, respect for the principle of data minimization. Further processing of personal data for archival purposes in the public interest, for scientific or historical research purposes, or for statistical purposes may be carried out if the controller has assessed whether these purposes cannot be achieved by processing personal data that either from the outset or no longer allow data subjects to be identified, provided that adequate safeguards (such as pseudonymization of personal data) are in place. Member States should establish appropriate safeguards for the processing of personal data for archival purposes in the public interest, for scientific or historical research, or for statistical purposes. Member States should be able to establish, under certain conditions and subject to appropriate safeguards for data subjects, specific regulations and exceptions to the information requirement and the rights to rectification or erasure of personal data, to "be forgotten," to restriction of processing and to data portability, and to object when personal data are processed for archival purposes in the public interest, for scientific or historical research, or for statistical purposes. Such conditions and safeguards may result in detailed procedures for the exercise of these rights by data subjects - if appropriate in light of the purposes served by the specific processing - and technical and organizational measures to limit the processing of personal data in accordance with the principles of proportionality and necessity. Processing of personal data for scientific purposes should also comply with other relevant laws, such as those on clinical trials.